The most common reason women have abnormal cervical cytology is infection with:

• A. Trichomoniasis
• B. Human papillomavirus infection
• C. Candida albicans infection
• D. Bacterial vaginosis

Answer: (B)

The most common reason women have abnormal cervical cytology is infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a sexually transmitted virus that has been extensively studied and recognized as the primary cause of cervical dysplasia and cervical cancer. There are various strains of HPV, with certain high-risk types, particularly HPV 16 and 18, being closely associated with the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), which can lead to cancer if not monitored and treated appropriately.

Cervical cytology screening, commonly known as the Pap smear, is designed to detect these precancerous changes, and HPV testing further helps identify women at higher risk for cervical cancer. The significant link between HPV infection and abnormal cervical cytology underscores the importance of HPV vaccination and regular screening in women’s health to prevent cervical cancer development.

Other conditions, such as trichomoniasis, Candida infections, and bacterial vaginosis, can cause abnormal cytology results; however, they are not as strongly correlated with cervical cancer as HPV. Therefore, while it's essential to be aware of all potential causes of abnormal cervical cytology, HPV remains the most prominent and clinically significant factor.