What clinical syndrome results from the loss of normal vaginal flora and overgrowth of anaerobic organisms?

• A. bacterial vaginosis
• B. candidiasis
• C. gonorrhea
• D. Trichomoniasis

Answer: (A)

Bacterial vaginosis is a clinical syndrome characterized by the loss of normal vaginal flora and the overgrowth of anaerobic bacteria. In a healthy vagina, there is a balance between various microorganisms, including Lactobacilli, which help maintain an acidic environment. When this balance is disrupted, often due to factors such as sexual activity, hormonal changes, or antibacterial use, the number of anaerobic organisms increases, leading to symptoms such as an unusual discharge, odor, and irritation.

This condition does not stem from an infection in the traditional sense but rather from a disturbance in the normal ecosystem of the vagina. Unlike candidiasis, which is a yeast infection caused by the overgrowth of Candida species, or sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea and trichomoniasis, bacterial vaginosis is not due to specific pathogens but rather reflects an imbalance in naturally occurring flora. This distinction is crucial as it influences treatment approaches and understanding of vaginal health.