What complication can arise from untreated gestational diabetes?

• A. Macrosomia (large baby)
• B. Preterm labor
• C. High blood pressure
• D. Placental abruption

Answer: (A)

Untreated gestational diabetes can lead to macrosomia, which is characterized by the birth of an infant significantly larger than average. This complication occurs because high levels of glucose in the mother's blood can cross the placenta, leading to increased insulin production in the fetus. The excess insulin promotes growth and fat deposition, resulting in a larger body size. Macrosomia poses various risks during delivery, such as shoulder dystocia, and can lead to increased recommendations for cesarean delivery.

Understanding the impact of gestational diabetes on fetal growth is crucial, as it emphasizes the importance of managing maternal blood sugar levels during pregnancy to ensure better outcomes for both mother and child.