What is a common risk factor for developing endometrial hyperplasia?

• A. Low body mass index (BMI)
• B. Continuous estrogen therapy
• C. Smoking
• D. Frequent exercise

Answer: (B)

Continuous estrogen therapy is recognized as a common risk factor for developing endometrial hyperplasia due to its role in stimulating the endometrial lining. Estrogen promotes the proliferation of the endometrial cells, and when it is given without the balancing effect of progesterone, it can lead to an excessive growth of the endometrial tissue. This unopposed estrogen action can increase the risk of hyperplasia, which is the thickening of the endometrial lining, sometimes potentially leading to endometrial cancer.

In contrast, low body mass index (BMI), smoking, and frequent exercise are generally not associated with an increased risk of endometrial hyperplasia. Low BMI can actually lower estrogen levels, while smoking is thought to have a protective effect against endometrial conditions due to its influence on hormone metabolism. Regular exercise is typically linked to better hormonal balance and a reduced risk of various reproductive health issues. Thus, continuous estrogen therapy stands out as a significant risk factor for the development of endometrial hyperplasia.