What is the common treatment for severe cases of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)?

• A. Hormonal contraceptives
• B. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
• C. Calcium supplements
• D. Over-the-counter pain relievers

Answer: (B)

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly used in the treatment of severe cases of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), particularly when the symptoms include significant mood disturbances such as depression and anxiety. SSRIs work by increasing the levels of serotonin in the brain, which can help alleviate these emotional symptoms. They can have a positive impact on mood, irritability, and other psychological components of PMS.

In severe cases, symptoms can significantly impair daily functioning, making it essential to address the psychological aspects of the condition effectively. SSRIs may be prescribed continuously throughout the menstrual cycle or just in the luteal phase (the two weeks leading up to menstruation), depending on the individual's symptoms and response to treatment.

In contrast, while hormonal contraceptives can also be beneficial for regulating menstrual cycles and managing physical symptoms, their impact on mood symptoms is less direct than that of SSRIs. Calcium supplements may support general well-being but are not aimed specifically at the mood-related symptoms of PMS. Over-the-counter pain relievers can manage physical discomfort such as cramps but do not address the emotional and psychological symptoms associated with severe PMS. Thus, SSRIs are a primary choice for their targeted effect on mood-related symptoms.