What is the risk factor associated with the development of gestational diabetes?

• A. Hypertension
• B. Obesity
• C. Age over 40
• D. Family history of diabetes

Answer: (B)

Obesity is a significant risk factor for the development of gestational diabetes due to its impact on insulin sensitivity. Women who are obese often have increased levels of insulin resistance, which can lead to higher blood sugar levels during pregnancy. In the context of pregnancy, hormonal changes can further exacerbate this insulin resistance, contributing to the likelihood of developing gestational diabetes.

Women with a higher body mass index (BMI) are at an elevated risk because excess body fat, particularly visceral fat, interferes with the body's ability to use insulin effectively. This can impair glucose metabolism and result in elevated blood glucose levels, which defines gestational diabetes. Managing weight and promoting a healthy lifestyle are key strategies for reducing the risk of this condition during pregnancy.

While other factors like hypertension, age over 40, and family history of diabetes also contribute to overall diabetes risk, they do not have the same direct and significant impact on the onset of gestational diabetes as obesity does.