What is the role of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?

• A. Secretion of estrogen to stimulate ovulation
• B. Secretion of progesterone to maintain the uterine lining
• C. Promotion of follicle maturation
• D. Destruction of the ovarian follicle

Answer: (B)

The corpus luteum plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle by secreting progesterone, which is essential for maintaining the uterine lining after ovulation. Following the release of the egg during ovulation, the remnants of the ovarian follicle transform into the corpus luteum. This structure produces progesterone, which prepares the endometrium for potential implantation of a fertilized egg by thickening and stabilizing the uterine lining.

If pregnancy does occur, progesterone continues to be secreted, supporting the early stages of gestation. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decrease in progesterone levels, which ultimately triggers menstruation. While some stages in the menstrual cycle involve estrogen production and follicle maturation, these processes are primarily driven by other hormones, such as luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), rather than the corpus luteum itself.