Which condition is associated with a “string of pearls” appearance on ultrasound?

• A. Uterine fibroids
• B. Endometriosis
• C. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• D. Ovarian cancer

Answer: (C)

The condition associated with a "string of pearls" appearance on ultrasound is Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). This characteristic finding results from the presence of multiple small cysts on the ovaries, which are actually immature follicles that fail to mature and ovulate properly. On ultrasound, these multiple small cystic structures create an image that resembles a string of pearls, indicating the underlying hormonal imbalance typically seen in PCOS.

In women with PCOS, elevated levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and insulin resistance can lead to the development of these follicles. The condition is important to diagnose as it can have significant implications for a woman's reproductive health, metabolic health, and risk for conditions such as endometrial cancer over time. This ultrasound finding, along with other clinical signs and symptoms, helps in establishing the diagnosis and managing the condition effectively.