Which condition is commonly associated with obesity in women?

• A. Polycystic ovarian syndrome
• B. Ovarian cancer
• C. Endometriosis
• D. Cervical cancer

Answer: (A)

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that is often associated with obesity, particularly in women of reproductive age. PCOS is characterized by hormonal imbalances, irregular menstrual cycles, and the presence of multiple cysts on the ovaries. One of the key factors in the development of PCOS is insulin resistance, which is frequently observed in individuals with obesity. This condition can lead to increased levels of insulin and androgens, contributing to symptoms such as weight gain, hirsutism, and dysregulation of menstrual cycles.

The relationship between obesity and PCOS is significant because many women with the syndrome are overweight or obese. Losing weight can help improve insulin sensitivity and decrease androgen levels, potentially alleviating some symptoms associated with the condition.

While the other conditions mentioned may have associations with obesity, such as increased risks for certain cancers, PCOS is the most directly linked to the metabolic and hormonal changes that obesity can induce in women, making it the most appropriate answer in the context of the question.