Which hormone is responsible for ovulation and the development of the corpus luteum?

• A. Prolactin
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
• D. Luteinizing hormone

Answer: (D)

Luteinizing hormone plays a critical role in the menstrual cycle, specifically in triggering ovulation and promoting the formation of the corpus luteum. At mid-cycle, a surge in luteinizing hormone levels leads to the final maturation of the ovarian follicle, resulting in the release of the ovum during ovulation. Following the release of the egg, luteinizing hormone also stimulates the remaining follicular cells to transform into the corpus luteum, which is essential for producing progesterone. This hormone is vital for maintaining the uterine lining, thereby facilitating any potential pregnancy.

The other hormones mentioned do not fulfill this specific role. Prolactin primarily regulates milk production, while oxytocin plays a role in childbirth and lactation. Follicle-stimulating hormone is crucial for follicle development and stimulating estrogen production but does not directly cause ovulation or the formation of the corpus luteum.