Which infectious disease can be transmitted through sexual contact and lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)?

• A. Gonorrhea
• B. Syphilis
• C. Chlamydia
• D. HIV

Answer: (C)

Chlamydia is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) that can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) if left untreated. When Chlamydia infects the cervix, it can ascend into the upper reproductive tract, infecting the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, which can result in PID. This condition can cause serious reproductive health issues, including chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and infertility.

While other infections listed, such as gonorrhea, can also cause PID, the question focuses on one correct answer, and chlamydia is particularly noteworthy due to its high prevalence and potential for asymptomatic cases, which can delay diagnosis and treatment. This can lead to significant long-term complications if not addressed.

Syphilis primarily affects other systems and typically does not cause PID. HIV can be transmitted through sexual contact, but it primarily impacts immune function rather than directly causing PID. Gonorrhea, like chlamydia, is also known to cause PID, but the emphasis on chlamydia in this context illustrates its role as a leading cause in many clinical discussions surrounding STIs and pelvic inflammatory disease.