Which phase of the menstrual cycle begins with a surge in luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone?

• A. Menstrual
• B. Follicular
• C. Ovulatory
• D. Luteal

Answer: (C)

The phase of the menstrual cycle that begins with a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is the ovulatory phase. During this phase, the rise in LH levels triggers ovulation, which is the release of a mature egg from the ovary. This surge typically occurs around the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, following the follicular phase where the follicles in the ovaries mature under the influence of FSH.

The hormonal changes that occur during this time are pivotal for fertility; the increase in LH not only induces ovulation but also signals the transformation of the ruptured follicle into the corpus luteum, which plays a crucial role in the luteal phase that follows. Therefore, understanding the hormonal dynamics and the timing of the ovulatory phase is essential for grasping how the menstrual cycle operates as a whole. This recognition of the hormonal surge is key in women's health, particularly in contexts of fertility and reproductive cycle management.