Which phase of the menstrual cycle involves the closure of a ruptured follicle after ovum release?

• A. Menstrual
• B. Follicular
• C. Ovulatory
• D. Luteal

Answer: (D)

The luteal phase of the menstrual cycle is characterized by the closure of a ruptured follicle following the release of the ovum, which is known as ovulation. After ovulation occurs, the remnants of the follicle transform into a structure called the corpus luteum. This structure plays a crucial role in hormone production, specifically progesterone, which prepares the uterine lining for a potential pregnancy.

During the luteal phase, the increased levels of progesterone support the thickening of the endometrial lining, making it receptive for implantation if fertilization occurs. If pregnancy does not happen, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decrease in progesterone and triggering the start of menstruation. The luteal phase typically lasts about 14 days and is essential for reproductive health.

In contrast, other phases, such as the menstrual, follicular, and ovulatory phases, focus on different processes within the menstrual cycle, such as shedding the uterine lining, the maturation of follicles, and the actual release of the ovum, respectively. Thus, the identification of the luteal phase as the correct answer accurately reflects the events that occur after ovulation.