Which syndrome is associated with insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism?

• A. Endometriosis
• B. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
• C. Hypermenorrhea
• D. Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Answer: (B)

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine disorder that is characterized by a combination of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism. Insulin resistance in PCOS leads to an increased level of insulin in the bloodstream, which can promote ovarian androgen production. This results in elevated levels of male hormones (androgens) such as testosterone, commonly associated with symptoms like hirsutism, acne, and menstrual irregularities.

The association between hyperandrogenism and insulin resistance is fundamental to the pathophysiology of PCOS. In many women with PCOS, the metabolic component—particularly the insulin resistance—is a significant factor influencing their reproductive health. This condition often also leads to other metabolic concerns such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Endometriosis, hypermenorrhea, and premenstrual syndrome (PMS) do not typically present with the same combination of insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism as seen in PCOS. Each of these conditions is characterized by different hormonal or physiological changes and does not share the same etiological links to insulin resistance as PCOS does. Thus, PCOS is the primary syndrome recognized for jointly manifesting these two features, making it the correct answer in this context.